Forgery

I want to talk about anti-counterfeiting and forgery of money this week.
Banknote paper is made in most countries, including Japan, are watermarked adjust the thickness of the fiber. There are also plastic banknotes in some countries of Australia. The bank is also present in a high-tech watermark or create a transparent window for it.
The first anti-counterfeiting watermark is first. Called "white watermark" and "black watermark" watermark technique is used to bill the current Japanese. If you want to produce a paper with a pattern on the certificate issued by the government and the bill in the watermark and white if you want to manufacture using the technique of watermark black regardless of the pattern by the "Act for the Regulation of Manufacturing Watermarked Paper" You do not have to get permission from the government.
The following is a hologram. Is a technique that changes color depending on the viewing angle and the visible image with the ones that draw a pattern using a laser beam to the metal foil with hologram.
Include fine print characters difficult to reproduce in print or regular print with ink that fluoresces when exposed to ultraviolet or near-ultraviolet light also. Some printing characters pattern emerges depending on the angle of view in the latent especially famous. There are countless Japanese banknote counterfeiting measures. The reason is because high technology to counterfeit.
May be altered, counterfeit coins are often not as much as the bill. Penalties for forgery, counterfeiting of coins in the Penal Code of Japan is a heavy sentence from the point of view of an international market for more than 3 years imprisonment or life imprisonment. Be punished by a fine in the control law such as monetary damage and damage to the coins as a resource for purposes such as diversion. Other bending the coin for a show of grip strength, act a hole for magic pendant or to be accused of. In addition, it should not be interpreted to be a crime in the country is able to damage the foreign coins.




Large-scale counterfeiting incident occurred two in Japan. There is a massive counterfeit incident over "one hundred thousand yen commemorative coins us sixty years reign Emperor" first. There were many people trying to forge get big profits by cashing counterfeit currency face value by casting for the price of gold was much lower than the face value of 10000 yen.
One is a 500-yen coin on another forgery case. Korean 500 won coins were slightly heavier material and size similar to the 500-yen coin in Japan. Or to defraud the change products and put into a vending machine to align the weight that you cut with the drill 500-won coin for about one-tenth of that value compared to a 500-yen coin, 500-won coin lever return on it incident to defraud a true 500-yen coin by pressing occurred frequently. 500-yen coin was elaborately crafted so hard to be forged in 2000 to change the material has been issued in Japan damaged.
High technology of the person you are trying to forge money much higher than any other country of counterfeit technology suggests. I thought that is forged repeatedly issued and will continue to work in the future.
Next week is about electronic money.

Portrait

This week is about the portrait.

In the West, the coin is a portrait of the parties that carve issue has been made from the Hellenistic period. The monetary value does not change even if the change policymakers, the portrait was never to be recovered. In the monarchy is often engraved a portrait of the current monarch stillt. Also, republic of the greats such as portrait and historical past president is used. There has been an increase in the coins that do not use the portrait as well in Europe and the United States in recent yeaIn traditional East Asian coins are not used portrait, in modern coins made ​​in different parts of the Qing Dynasty, those carved portrait of Emperor Guangxu exists. There was never engraved portrait of the Emperor had not been used in Japan, it was attempted at the time of issuance of the 1957 notes and silver coins 100 yen is the early Meiji. Although never portrait of a person other than the emperor is engraved in Japan, the silver 5000 yen for "commemorating the International Garden and Greenery Exposition," which was published in 1990, a portrait of a girl who likened the flora goddess of flowers for the first time engraved. Rather than to figure decorated with motifs, coins with the portrait of a person design and large similar to coins in Europe and the United States, this was the first time in Japan.

 

 Alpha

Hundred yen coins what was originally silver, has been replaced by the Penny reflects the soaring raw material prices due to the progress of the inflation. For the issuance of yen silver Hiroshi was planned in 1950 issue became quitting for the price of nickel in nickel silver used in the preparation has been soaring.

People often portrait is drawn on the surface of the bill. Those properties that can be identified using up very subtle differences Unlike other iconography, this human respect human face is one of the particular counterfeit prevention technology. Reason for this is that many who simply wrinkle there are many people portrait during old age than young people from middle age is less likely to be counterfeit portrait is complicated. Also,Alphathis is because of its small portrait of a woman, it is because there are more, such as beard portrait is complicated. Person portrait drawn on the bill are former celebrity hero is evaluated, and the great man has become, in many cases it is less that the person is still alive is a portrait of the deceased bill.. Criminal offenses bill that contains a portrait of counterfeit paper money is issued in the area of Switzerland it is also, it may have been there once in the local currency circulation. In relation to Antoine de Saint-Exupery Murasaki Shikibu and drawn on the portrait is a writer, people are also drawn fictional work.

Portrait of a woman first appeared in the table of banknotes Japan, but bill $ 50 for image Ichiyo Higuchi, the first example of a portrait woman who appeared in the bill in Japan, Dainippon were issued between 1883 from 1881 Empress Jingu is a bill that has been adopted in the imperial government. That the status of women came up with this thing that I suggests.Alpha

 

Commemorative coins

I will talk about this week commemorative coins.

Memorial money is money that is issued to commemorate the national event in the world. Some on the subject of cultural heritage and wildlife. In many cases, even if there is a coin banknote. Commemorative coins, commemorative coins, especially if the coin is that the currency is also known as Memorial. Commemorative coins are also called currency Memorial.

State that issued the first commemorative coins were in the Roman Empire. In the Roman Empire had been a money issue often Victory. Portrait of the emperor and the king had been engraved on the money, it was possible for money to commemorate the monarch was crowned the newly issued. So, there was also meant to promote the new portrait of the monarch.

May be distributed in the same manner as money normal coin design is different from money usually there is what is called money usually for the purpose of distribution are usually money is the money memorial as well. There is a nominal value that are issued as a commemorative money every year in the UK. The money is usually five pounds banknote, commemorative coins is only money.

Expensive coins until around World War II, gold and silver were also made ​​of precious metal commemorative coins for a lot of things that are made ​​of precious metals as money did many standard. But, Was often that the gold coin is issued as money usually because the gold standard is stopped in the world after the Great Depression is no longer, after the Second World War is made of copper and white copper inexpensive even money Memorial. Due to an increase in industrial demand for silver price has risen since 1970, some countries no longer circulated as normal currency silver.

Coin boom in Japan 1000 yen commemorative silver coin issued in 1964 Tokyo Olympics was inspired. 100000 yen commemorative gold coin forgery case 60 years reign of Emperor Showa in 1986 occurred. So, has become coin collection that will accelerate away. Now 1 yen and 50 yen which was built between 2000 and 2002 has been trading with a high premium due to the small number of manufacturing. What you're yearning for collectors and especially in its issuance of 50 yen in 1987.

There is also a "error coins" are stamped deviation at the time of manufacture. If the coin is that perforated defective coin, so to speak, and without holes, such as hole deviation and error coins struck twice engraved, cast-shadow, and also tilt. May 5 yen and 50 yen coins are found the position of the hole is displaced in the process of perforation in the center of the distribution turns being removed from time to time, but usually in the middle of the inspection.

The commemorative coins were issued in 1964 in Japan. Was published in 2008 as the first silver coins silver coins and 100 yen 1,000 yen Tokyo Olympic Memorial. Up to 500 yen nickel-brass coins in commemoration of 100th anniversary of Japanese emigration to Brazil, 52 different commemorative coins have been issued and the Japan-Brazil Exchange Year.

 

 

( 1000 yen Tokyo Olympic silver commemorative coins.)

In the next week, I made ​​about the portrait.

Coins

This blog talks about the coin.

Was the beginning of the money, such as shells and stones as I said in the first blog. The Greeks thought that the use of mediation shall become anaerobic because the exchange of objects refers to the exchange of things. At first I was using the iron nail. Some were polygonal coins there are many things that are generally round shape. Some of you have a hole in the middle, a long time ago had been drilled for the purpose of storing cord through the hole. Currently coin has not been respected usefulness because it is small, the presence of holes in the value for the difference is the feel of the coin of the same size.

It was engraved grooves to prevent unauthorized users around so may be counterfeit coin even. Circumferential groove seen in current money is a relic of this measure. In addition, the circumferential groove is an important means to distinguish the coin texture for the visually impaired, such as euro coin now and it has been devised discrimination so that makes it easy to face, grooves and depressions not only jagged . The bill number has been printed, the coin has required a huge edition to change every time the number stamped for the same metal plate engraved. Only for the year of issue is engraved

In the West, the coin is a portrait of the parties that carve issue has been carried out from the Hellenistic period. There was no monetary value can be recovered remains unchanged even if the policy makers change portrait. There was never portrait of the Emperor is engraved it engraved portrait because it was considered to be rude in Japan, it was attempted at the time of issue 100 yen coin of 1957 and the bill of the early Meiji era is.

There are six types of money in the money and a commemorative coin that are currently manufactured in Japan \ 1, ¥ 5, ¥ 10, ¥ 50, ¥ 100, ¥ 500.

 

For commemorative coins will be introduced in a future blog. When you put more than 21 sheets at a time to settle because it is limited up to 20 sheets, forcing Spoken force your opponent as a legal tender can refuse to accept the bill is different.

 

Gain money for each issue
Types Money	Gain issue
1yen	-13yen
5yen	1yen
10yen	-32yen
50yen	30yen
100yen	27yen
500yen	457yen

On both sides of the coin has not been formally distinguished. In Mint has called back some aspects table, year of manufacture of the view that there is a surface, such as a plant display, this usage has penetrated.

In the case of the euro coin denominations of € 2 coins up to eight have been issued from 1 cent coin. Countries face the common coin of each country-specific aspects of the Monaco, San Marino, the Vatican has been cast in the design of the original design have a common map of Europe was drawn. Surface has been drawn to the common face design and by Lluc-Ryuikkusu the designer of the Royal Belgian Mint has been subjected to.

I will change the shape, etc. because it was inconvenient as well as coins and paper money. In addition, we have also been devised that are not counterfeit. The next week to talk about commemorative coins.

 

Paper money

　In last week's blog was talking about the history of money, I talk about paper money this week.

  It was a valuable goods, such as precious metal money begins. Although,precious metal coins were inconvenient to carry. People received a certificate in a safe deposit precious metals instead. Deed I had a piece of paper is worthwhile for the precious metal that can be exchanged at any time. It can be said that this is the beginning of the paper money. The paper money is before the invention, in the currency of Carthage and leather were popular. But, Leather currency broke off with the destruction of Carthage. The others are cut off by the Roman conquest of grain safekeeping receipt to the warehouse (made papyrus) was being used as a substitute for currency even in ancient Egypt.

Kousi is the world's first paper money was issued as evidence of iron currency deposits in the era of Song. I have come to be widely distributed as a replacement bill was amended by later to print promissory note was handwritten, but initially. The Bank of England is the only bank of issue and the United Kingdom in 1844 by the Bank Act peel. Bill of many countries became fiat money cannot be exchanged with specie.

In Japan the beginning of the bill has been referred to as the year 1334. But, paper money is a country merchants Yamada Ise 1623 issued by have left a kind. In the Edo period, each clan has issued a clan note as a breakthrough in financial difficulties. Paper money also be used by other occupation and place of status also was different. Japanese government bill has to be issued and will be in the Meiji era.

So, in 1873, the First National Bank (now Mizuho Bank) was established by the National Bank Act. National Bank to issue banknotes of 153 each in practice since then, the issuance of banknotes has become a thing of the monopoly at the same time as the Bank of Japan Bank of Japan was established in 1882. But, national bank notes and government was at the root of inflation has been gradually withdrawn from the market. Has come to be a unified currency of Japan from around 1897. In 2004, ten thousand yen bill of new design, five thousand yen bill, thousand-yen bill was issued as a Japan bank for the first time in 20 years.

 

(This is a one-yen note issued by the Bank of Japan.)

 

(I have seen you often, I am thousand-yen bill to one that was previously used.)

The other hand in other countries, Aid money and silver coins that have been established sovereign is issued in the UK in 1816. The gold standard in the late 19th century has become the standard for the world to switch to the gold standard after another and even Western countries after this.

The bill now build on its own through copying everyone will be featured in a future blog. Japan's paper money devised which would not be counterfeit is a lot. In Japan have been devised such as to invisibly counterfeiting technology, especially due to the high.

  

(As shown in the figure on the bill and there is a good fold aside.）

I will talk about the coins in the following blog.