Pink Floyd

 I will talk about Pink Floyd this week.

  Although I did not know Pink Floyd first, I was interested in was examined, it is said to the teacher. Pink Floyd had put out a song titled “money” as to whether there is a relationship between money and what kind of a band called Pink Floyd. Pink Floyd is a rock band from the UK. Pink Floyd play music that exudes the sound was fantastic and lazy to lock orthodox lyrical mix of psychedelia and blues, and folk. I have gained popularity worldwide in lyrics literary, philosophical and political issues on the theme of human alienation in modern society and live rich massive spectacle and gimmicks. Floyd is a group that was also a great success commercially.

 

  In Japan, are often treated as a representative of a so-called progressive rock. Pink Floyd playing is free from technique-oriented progressive rock found in the general. But, fantastic sound mix became no sense of fatigue, feeling of floating with the music of Pink Floyd, was an innovative thing that is tied to your own exaltation and tension while away from the aggression of the lock. The music of Pink Floyd has a great impact on the electronica-related artists.

 History of Pink Floyd : Three (Waters, Wright, Mason)were classmates in architecture school in 1965 formed the band in the wake of the controversy that has signed with respect to contemporary music. Pink Floyd was stuck hiatus will continue to work with changing the band name and then one after another. Although Pink Floyd was originally played by copying a song, Own out on the road, such as the introduction of improvisation and light show soon. Barrett playing original songs were gradually increases started to vigorously songwriting. The band will be put to the axis of the group thus the sensitivity of Barrett. The band signed a contract with EMI at the end of the competition by several record companies increasing their awareness and gradually. There is a story that said the Beatles came to sit on the fence on the recording of Pink Floyd's "to them was knocked out and". But, Barrett left the band in March 1968. Pink Floyd was to be restarted in four. The band will be aiming for a more highly original music to transform policy.

"MONEY" was published in 1973. Intro carved tempo drum sound effect instead of coin register and rang repeatedly. The contents of the lyrics are drawn humorous criticism greed. "MONEY is the root of all evil" have all been consolidated into that passage. Melody said most catchy song in a certain number of Pink Floyd songs with a very pop. "MONEY" is one of the numbers of Pink Floyd live in popularity. “MONEY” has been played as one of the suite "Crazy" from January 1972. “MONEY” has become a concert tour to Angkor number of "Animals" in 1977. "Madness" became the first U.S. # 1 with "Money". Pink Floyd was a huge success commercially and musical a big hit all over the world. Pink Floyd was thus break through as a star.

The associate coins and banknotes is said to be the money, I think of the money also interesting that these different. I also began to think money can become more familiar with the lesson of making this blog.

Pink Floyd

Purse

　I will talk about the wallet this week.

 

Purse is one that has been devised to make it better flight mobile houses the high-value ones, such as money or valuables in general. Purse emphasis has been placed on portability, especially. But, the storage function of purse does not get in the way when you carry. Purse which was devised so that the money can be stored in function are in circulation. Goods that can fit in your wallet can be placed how to use cards that were substantially similar to the money, such as a prepaid card and cash card and credit card, point service and medical examination tickets and season tickets, or things to prove your identity, such as a driver's license or passport and business cards in addition to notes and coins. There is also a "coin purse" that specialize in coins and "wallet" that specialized in banknote. Some have been commercialized as "for women" or "men" by design. May be used as a wallet may not be satisfied even other than for users, are sold as a wallet. Handbag is a small bag, for example, for those who carry a large amount of banknotes is sometimes used as a wallet. On the other hand, who use only electronic money such as credit card or prepaid card that has the ability to fit a wallet card is, people who carry a small change can be seen only if you use a coin case.

 

 

There is a purse or wallet fold long as the shape of the purse. There is also a form called "purse" a purse-shaped cloth bag with a metal cap.

 

  I can see that it is the occurrence of a purse the same time as the occurrence and development of money economy probably. Purse had been carrying in a bag together in order not to lose the valuable goods beginning. Also, and out of those simple things  would have been available when buying and selling. But, money economy is also a frequent thing, there are many questions, the occurrence of the purse is unknown. In Europe and the United States appeared to fit the bill and when to appear in the 17th century. Previously it had been used as a/ purse is a small bag with a strap that you put a coin. The early ones wallet tanned cowhide leather and horses were used. It was spread clan paper is to be used during the Edo period in Japan. Prior to distribution bill coin hole drilled in the center is used, it had been carried through the string into the hole. In China, some shape was assumed from the beginning how to carry and how they are treated. Coin, I often thrown into became part of the garment bag in the shape of a pocket just casually. This has not/ changed in the modern. Purse is indispensable for people.  

 

Next week is the final story finally. Is not speaking of money, next week I will talk about some singer.

  Alpha

 

Credit card

I talked about electronic money last week, I talk this week about the credit card, among other electronic money.
It is one of the means of payment when you make a purchase , a credit card is a card that has been recorded, such as the number of subscribers is described. Credit card company was named as "credit" in the sense that to extend credit to members.
Credit cards are in arrears to pay the price later using. Credit card is required for examination when membership Unlike debit cards and prepaid cards prepaid payment immediately because it is a deferred payment. Such examination is the ability to repay, such as the income is stable. It is settled by the magnetic stripe and IC when we use a credit card. When we settled in to the IC, can be settled by security code on the signature. Credit card is a mechanism when you purchase at the store that can be used, if you present the credit card, the credit card company who will take over the payment to the store once, and to claim the price later cardholders.





There are a variety of credit card payment.
Lump-sum payment : Be paid at once what I bought. Card-only lump sum is called charge card. Credit card was first lump-sum payment.
Payment in installments : There are two installments and not take the commission, is 3-36 times installment. Cardholders who pay is useful when you buy a high-ticket items.
Revolving : Is the way to pay the fixed monthly amount that is determined to. Cardholders can buy things too far, the amount you pay each month is not changed features.
There is a disadvantage to the revolving, It is the thing that will increase the number of payment. Although not widespread because merchants are reluctant, credit card companies have increased in reverse. So, tend to encourage users, such as campaigns for revolving.
Bonus payment : In ways that rely on the bonus pay, there is also grace to pay up to one year if the payment twice a month up to six months, if the bonus bonus payment.
Flexible payment : Flex pay is a kind of revolving. But, you can freely determine the repayment amount is equal to or greater than the minimum amount established by credit card companies. Easy to understand and I think flexibility has joined the revolving. Flex pay is marketed as a disposable prepaid card for gift in general.
Graded credit card in Japan is often based on the classification stage position the card 4 American Express is doing.
To prevent crime in the card, credit card credit inquiry is performed when using. When you bring the card to an illegal appeared is as reported to the credit card company, so as not to be noticed.
There is also an invisible money such as credit cards and money to say. I have produced even money that invisible world of technology will continue to evolve as the months passed. There are many positive aspects to the credit card, there is also a disadvantage. There is too much to use and where you do not know yourself how much did you use the money, the money.

Electronic money

I will talk about electronic money this week.

Electronic money is that the payment services to be provided by utilizing information and communication technology, by the company. Currency and which is positioned legally, it is not a so-called currency itself.

By bank transfer or credit card payment system has been underway to be on-line, does not mean that there was no electronic means of payment. Electronic money has now also available in consumers since the 1990s is the concept in the 1980s, the settlement method of the conventional techniques such as IC card also those dedicated to the settlement over the Internet and they are different the features as enhanced convenience by eliminating the disadvantages.

Electronic money is a token provided by the employer a function rather than a physical currency called coins and banknotes, currency corresponds to the electronically using the IC card, such as a network or. In the sense that the currency can be exchanged electronically, but can also be considered in the broad sense and also electronic money transfer or credit card at the bank, in the narrow sense it refers to a type of prepaid payment system is generally.

Electronic money is a method for payment by electronic data, the economy away money has been exchanged by an article that is substantially money. In that sense, can be called a kind of money into electronic money of the real state of the market economy is moving in the electronic telegraph. There are several ways of settlement or in the way of electronic money.

Online system : Method of completing a settlement connected with the host computer and the company's online electronic money services, financial institutions or credit card companies, such as retail terminals for settlement. Analogous to credit cards, etc., which has the advantage of easy to reuse.

Offline method : Method to perform off-line payment by payment terminals, such as retail stores, such as IC card housed in the electronic and magnetic card cash value. Is mostly due to non-contact IC card in terms of security.

Virtual money system : Method using only transactions between computer network as a virtual coupon. Those that interact with servers on the net e-money services company, between the user's computer, and is managed by the argot or secret ID / password, especially mainstream. Were seen introduced in the late 1990s as a means of payment methods a virtual money in online shopping. It cannot be used in the real stores and vending machines, convenience is the mainstream of electronic money payment is money these virtual services over the internet still well in terms of ease and flexibility

Those based on transport operators such as Suica · ICOCA · PASMO to use the non-contact type IC card, those based on a distribution business such as nanaco · WAON, as concrete examples of electronic money to those independent, such as Edy divided. In addition, electronic money using the non-contact type IC card that function has become to be included in the mobile phone. When equipped with these features to the mobile phone, mobile phone can easily be used to charge the pre-money. Has increased rapidly from users of electronic money, such as the mutual use of electronic money that businesses in the transportation system begins, the use of a convenience store is now available, which is highly convenient for a small payment .

As the past era, the Internet has come to be used more and more. Era of electronic money become mainstream is not used much cash might come.

Forgery

I want to talk about anti-counterfeiting and forgery of money this week.
Banknote paper is made in most countries, including Japan, are watermarked adjust the thickness of the fiber. There are also plastic banknotes in some countries of Australia. The bank is also present in a high-tech watermark or create a transparent window for it.
The first anti-counterfeiting watermark is first. Called "white watermark" and "black watermark" watermark technique is used to bill the current Japanese. If you want to produce a paper with a pattern on the certificate issued by the government and the bill in the watermark and white if you want to manufacture using the technique of watermark black regardless of the pattern by the "Act for the Regulation of Manufacturing Watermarked Paper" You do not have to get permission from the government.
The following is a hologram. Is a technique that changes color depending on the viewing angle and the visible image with the ones that draw a pattern using a laser beam to the metal foil with hologram.
Include fine print characters difficult to reproduce in print or regular print with ink that fluoresces when exposed to ultraviolet or near-ultraviolet light also. Some printing characters pattern emerges depending on the angle of view in the latent especially famous. There are countless Japanese banknote counterfeiting measures. The reason is because high technology to counterfeit.
May be altered, counterfeit coins are often not as much as the bill. Penalties for forgery, counterfeiting of coins in the Penal Code of Japan is a heavy sentence from the point of view of an international market for more than 3 years imprisonment or life imprisonment. Be punished by a fine in the control law such as monetary damage and damage to the coins as a resource for purposes such as diversion. Other bending the coin for a show of grip strength, act a hole for magic pendant or to be accused of. In addition, it should not be interpreted to be a crime in the country is able to damage the foreign coins.




Large-scale counterfeiting incident occurred two in Japan. There is a massive counterfeit incident over "one hundred thousand yen commemorative coins us sixty years reign Emperor" first. There were many people trying to forge get big profits by cashing counterfeit currency face value by casting for the price of gold was much lower than the face value of 10000 yen.
One is a 500-yen coin on another forgery case. Korean 500 won coins were slightly heavier material and size similar to the 500-yen coin in Japan. Or to defraud the change products and put into a vending machine to align the weight that you cut with the drill 500-won coin for about one-tenth of that value compared to a 500-yen coin, 500-won coin lever return on it incident to defraud a true 500-yen coin by pressing occurred frequently. 500-yen coin was elaborately crafted so hard to be forged in 2000 to change the material has been issued in Japan damaged.
High technology of the person you are trying to forge money much higher than any other country of counterfeit technology suggests. I thought that is forged repeatedly issued and will continue to work in the future.
Next week is about electronic money.

Portrait

This week is about the portrait.

In the West, the coin is a portrait of the parties that carve issue has been made from the Hellenistic period. The monetary value does not change even if the change policymakers, the portrait was never to be recovered. In the monarchy is often engraved a portrait of the current monarch stillt. Also, republic of the greats such as portrait and historical past president is used. There has been an increase in the coins that do not use the portrait as well in Europe and the United States in recent yeaIn traditional East Asian coins are not used portrait, in modern coins made ​​in different parts of the Qing Dynasty, those carved portrait of Emperor Guangxu exists. There was never engraved portrait of the Emperor had not been used in Japan, it was attempted at the time of issuance of the 1957 notes and silver coins 100 yen is the early Meiji. Although never portrait of a person other than the emperor is engraved in Japan, the silver 5000 yen for "commemorating the International Garden and Greenery Exposition," which was published in 1990, a portrait of a girl who likened the flora goddess of flowers for the first time engraved. Rather than to figure decorated with motifs, coins with the portrait of a person design and large similar to coins in Europe and the United States, this was the first time in Japan.

 

 Alpha

Hundred yen coins what was originally silver, has been replaced by the Penny reflects the soaring raw material prices due to the progress of the inflation. For the issuance of yen silver Hiroshi was planned in 1950 issue became quitting for the price of nickel in nickel silver used in the preparation has been soaring.

People often portrait is drawn on the surface of the bill. Those properties that can be identified using up very subtle differences Unlike other iconography, this human respect human face is one of the particular counterfeit prevention technology. Reason for this is that many who simply wrinkle there are many people portrait during old age than young people from middle age is less likely to be counterfeit portrait is complicated. Also,Alphathis is because of its small portrait of a woman, it is because there are more, such as beard portrait is complicated. Person portrait drawn on the bill are former celebrity hero is evaluated, and the great man has become, in many cases it is less that the person is still alive is a portrait of the deceased bill.. Criminal offenses bill that contains a portrait of counterfeit paper money is issued in the area of Switzerland it is also, it may have been there once in the local currency circulation. In relation to Antoine de Saint-Exupery Murasaki Shikibu and drawn on the portrait is a writer, people are also drawn fictional work.

Portrait of a woman first appeared in the table of banknotes Japan, but bill $ 50 for image Ichiyo Higuchi, the first example of a portrait woman who appeared in the bill in Japan, Dainippon were issued between 1883 from 1881 Empress Jingu is a bill that has been adopted in the imperial government. That the status of women came up with this thing that I suggests.Alpha

 

Commemorative coins

I will talk about this week commemorative coins.

Memorial money is money that is issued to commemorate the national event in the world. Some on the subject of cultural heritage and wildlife. In many cases, even if there is a coin banknote. Commemorative coins, commemorative coins, especially if the coin is that the currency is also known as Memorial. Commemorative coins are also called currency Memorial.

State that issued the first commemorative coins were in the Roman Empire. In the Roman Empire had been a money issue often Victory. Portrait of the emperor and the king had been engraved on the money, it was possible for money to commemorate the monarch was crowned the newly issued. So, there was also meant to promote the new portrait of the monarch.

May be distributed in the same manner as money normal coin design is different from money usually there is what is called money usually for the purpose of distribution are usually money is the money memorial as well. There is a nominal value that are issued as a commemorative money every year in the UK. The money is usually five pounds banknote, commemorative coins is only money.

Expensive coins until around World War II, gold and silver were also made ​​of precious metal commemorative coins for a lot of things that are made ​​of precious metals as money did many standard. But, Was often that the gold coin is issued as money usually because the gold standard is stopped in the world after the Great Depression is no longer, after the Second World War is made of copper and white copper inexpensive even money Memorial. Due to an increase in industrial demand for silver price has risen since 1970, some countries no longer circulated as normal currency silver.

Coin boom in Japan 1000 yen commemorative silver coin issued in 1964 Tokyo Olympics was inspired. 100000 yen commemorative gold coin forgery case 60 years reign of Emperor Showa in 1986 occurred. So, has become coin collection that will accelerate away. Now 1 yen and 50 yen which was built between 2000 and 2002 has been trading with a high premium due to the small number of manufacturing. What you're yearning for collectors and especially in its issuance of 50 yen in 1987.

There is also a "error coins" are stamped deviation at the time of manufacture. If the coin is that perforated defective coin, so to speak, and without holes, such as hole deviation and error coins struck twice engraved, cast-shadow, and also tilt. May 5 yen and 50 yen coins are found the position of the hole is displaced in the process of perforation in the center of the distribution turns being removed from time to time, but usually in the middle of the inspection.

The commemorative coins were issued in 1964 in Japan. Was published in 2008 as the first silver coins silver coins and 100 yen 1,000 yen Tokyo Olympic Memorial. Up to 500 yen nickel-brass coins in commemoration of 100th anniversary of Japanese emigration to Brazil, 52 different commemorative coins have been issued and the Japan-Brazil Exchange Year.

 

 

( 1000 yen Tokyo Olympic silver commemorative coins.)

In the next week, I made ​​about the portrait.

Coins

This blog talks about the coin.

Was the beginning of the money, such as shells and stones as I said in the first blog. The Greeks thought that the use of mediation shall become anaerobic because the exchange of objects refers to the exchange of things. At first I was using the iron nail. Some were polygonal coins there are many things that are generally round shape. Some of you have a hole in the middle, a long time ago had been drilled for the purpose of storing cord through the hole. Currently coin has not been respected usefulness because it is small, the presence of holes in the value for the difference is the feel of the coin of the same size.

It was engraved grooves to prevent unauthorized users around so may be counterfeit coin even. Circumferential groove seen in current money is a relic of this measure. In addition, the circumferential groove is an important means to distinguish the coin texture for the visually impaired, such as euro coin now and it has been devised discrimination so that makes it easy to face, grooves and depressions not only jagged . The bill number has been printed, the coin has required a huge edition to change every time the number stamped for the same metal plate engraved. Only for the year of issue is engraved

In the West, the coin is a portrait of the parties that carve issue has been carried out from the Hellenistic period. There was no monetary value can be recovered remains unchanged even if the policy makers change portrait. There was never portrait of the Emperor is engraved it engraved portrait because it was considered to be rude in Japan, it was attempted at the time of issue 100 yen coin of 1957 and the bill of the early Meiji era is.

There are six types of money in the money and a commemorative coin that are currently manufactured in Japan \ 1, ¥ 5, ¥ 10, ¥ 50, ¥ 100, ¥ 500.

 

For commemorative coins will be introduced in a future blog. When you put more than 21 sheets at a time to settle because it is limited up to 20 sheets, forcing Spoken force your opponent as a legal tender can refuse to accept the bill is different.

 

Gain money for each issue
Types Money	Gain issue
1yen	-13yen
5yen	1yen
10yen	-32yen
50yen	30yen
100yen	27yen
500yen	457yen

On both sides of the coin has not been formally distinguished. In Mint has called back some aspects table, year of manufacture of the view that there is a surface, such as a plant display, this usage has penetrated.

In the case of the euro coin denominations of € 2 coins up to eight have been issued from 1 cent coin. Countries face the common coin of each country-specific aspects of the Monaco, San Marino, the Vatican has been cast in the design of the original design have a common map of Europe was drawn. Surface has been drawn to the common face design and by Lluc-Ryuikkusu the designer of the Royal Belgian Mint has been subjected to.

I will change the shape, etc. because it was inconvenient as well as coins and paper money. In addition, we have also been devised that are not counterfeit. The next week to talk about commemorative coins.

 

Paper money

　In last week's blog was talking about the history of money, I talk about paper money this week.

  It was a valuable goods, such as precious metal money begins. Although,precious metal coins were inconvenient to carry. People received a certificate in a safe deposit precious metals instead. Deed I had a piece of paper is worthwhile for the precious metal that can be exchanged at any time. It can be said that this is the beginning of the paper money. The paper money is before the invention, in the currency of Carthage and leather were popular. But, Leather currency broke off with the destruction of Carthage. The others are cut off by the Roman conquest of grain safekeeping receipt to the warehouse (made papyrus) was being used as a substitute for currency even in ancient Egypt.

Kousi is the world's first paper money was issued as evidence of iron currency deposits in the era of Song. I have come to be widely distributed as a replacement bill was amended by later to print promissory note was handwritten, but initially. The Bank of England is the only bank of issue and the United Kingdom in 1844 by the Bank Act peel. Bill of many countries became fiat money cannot be exchanged with specie.

In Japan the beginning of the bill has been referred to as the year 1334. But, paper money is a country merchants Yamada Ise 1623 issued by have left a kind. In the Edo period, each clan has issued a clan note as a breakthrough in financial difficulties. Paper money also be used by other occupation and place of status also was different. Japanese government bill has to be issued and will be in the Meiji era.

So, in 1873, the First National Bank (now Mizuho Bank) was established by the National Bank Act. National Bank to issue banknotes of 153 each in practice since then, the issuance of banknotes has become a thing of the monopoly at the same time as the Bank of Japan Bank of Japan was established in 1882. But, national bank notes and government was at the root of inflation has been gradually withdrawn from the market. Has come to be a unified currency of Japan from around 1897. In 2004, ten thousand yen bill of new design, five thousand yen bill, thousand-yen bill was issued as a Japan bank for the first time in 20 years.

 

(This is a one-yen note issued by the Bank of Japan.)

 

(I have seen you often, I am thousand-yen bill to one that was previously used.)

The other hand in other countries, Aid money and silver coins that have been established sovereign is issued in the UK in 1816. The gold standard in the late 19th century has become the standard for the world to switch to the gold standard after another and even Western countries after this.

The bill now build on its own through copying everyone will be featured in a future blog. Japan's paper money devised which would not be counterfeit is a lot. In Japan have been devised such as to invisibly counterfeiting technology, especially due to the high.

  

(As shown in the figure on the bill and there is a good fold aside.）

I will talk about the coins in the following blog.